Simulation of Li-pellet triggered ELMs in EAST with an impurity model implemented under BOUT++ framework

Abstract A simple impurity model has been developed under the BOUT++ framework to investigate the Li-pellet triggered edge localized mode (ELM) in EAST configuration. The present impurity model decouples the ion pressure enhancement effect (IPEE) (which affects radial E <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> B flow shear and gyro-viscosity of deuterium ions and is implicitly included in our previous work) to make the simulation of Li pellet injection more physically reasonable. In addition, the present impurity model also includes the impurity equilibrium effect (IEE) (which induces modifications on vorticity and gyro-viscosity). The simulation results show that without IPEE a turbulent ELM induced by Li pellet is triggered by multiple peeling-ballooning modes (PBMs) rather than by a single dominant mode, and the simultaneous growth of multiple modes is conducive to reducing the time for pedestal entering the energy loss state. When a turbulent ELM occurs, the nonlinearly dominant modes undergo a secondary fast growth during fast crash phase. The finding explains the secondary increase of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>D</mml:mi> <mml:mi>α</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> emission observed in the DIII-D Li injection experiments. During the evolution of a turbulent ELM, the continuous pedestal collapse dominates the pedestal energy loss in turbulent transport phase; however, in saturation phase, the stabilizing effects on PBMs ( n <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>≠</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> 0) by n = 0 mode and radial E <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> B flow shear within the steepest gradient region are more prominent. It is also found that with IEE and without IPEE, the size threshold of ELM triggering and the magnitude of ELM sizes both show a good agreement with EAST and DIII-D experimental observations.