A Novel GBSM for LEO Satellite-Ground Communication Large-Scale Channels

Low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites have been considered essential to future air-space-ground integrated networks. Wireless channels significantly impact the performance of communication systems, especially in terms of large-scale fading characteristics. In this article, we propose a novel geometry-based stochastic channel model (GBSM) for LEO satellite-ground large-scale channels. Propagation probabilities of Line-of-Sight (LoS) links, ground specular links, and building specular links for suburban, urban, dense urban, and high-rise urban in different elevations are computed. The Fresnel zone is utilized to determine whether the signals can arrive at the receiver. The impact of the radio coverage and receiver height on propagation probabilities are considered for each scenario. Based on the derived propagation probabilities, the average path loss is computed. In the simulation section, the results of our model are validated by the Monte Carlo method, and the average path loss is compared with the standard model in 3GPP TR 38.811. The comparison results have good consistency with the standard model. Moreover, our model can be applied in multiple scenarios by adjusting the environment parameters compared with the standard model.