Educational Interventions to Improve Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination and Cervical Cancer Screening Among Japanese University Students

Aim This study evaluates university students' knowledge and attitudes toward Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and cervical cancer screening and assesses the impact of educational interventions. Methods Participants from Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka City University, and Osaka Prefecture University completed questionnaires before and after receiving educational materials, including cartoons and a video featuring medical professionals. We compared the correct answer rates for knowledge-related questions and evaluated changes in behavioral characteristics and attitudes toward HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening before and after distributing the educational materials. The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used to measure changes in perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers. Results A total of 15,061 students were invited to participate, with 234 completing the study. Significant improvements in knowledge related to HPV, cervical cancer, and associated preventative measures were observed post-intervention. The percentage of correct answers to knowledge-based questions increased across all items (P<0.01). Furthermore, positive attitudes toward HPV vaccination significantly rose, with male participants demonstrating the most substantial change (P<0.01). In terms of the HBM, perceived susceptibility and perceived benefits increased significantly among male participants (P=0.0055 and P<0.001, respectively), while perceived barriers were reduced (P<0.001). Among female participants, only the perceived benefit increased significantly (P<0.001). Most participants rated the educational materials as clear and easy to understand, reinforcing the utility of engaging and accessible content in promoting health awareness. Conclusion Educational interventions can effectively improve knowledge and attitudes toward HPV vaccination, potentially increasing preventative health behaviors and reducing the incidence of cervical cancer.