Role of different type nanoparticles on exergy, thermoeconomic, exergoeconomic, environmental, and enviroeconomic indicators in a CI engine fueled with rapeseed oil biodiesel

• The addition of nanoparticles makes a significant contribution to reducing capital cost. • Among the nanoparticles in the test fuels, the engine irreversibility from lowest to highest is R + Ti75 > R + Ce75 > R + Ti50 > R + Ag75 > R + Ce50 > R + Ag50. • The use of 75 ppm TiO 2 in rapeseed oil biodiesel provides the best results. This present study conducts energy, exergy, thermoeconomic, exergoeconomic, environmental, and enviroeconomic analyses for a CI engine fuelled with rapeseed oil biodiesel that includes varying proportions of TiO 2 , Ag 2 O, and CeO 2 nanoparticles. Experiments are performed on four different engine torques (between 10 Nm and 40 Nm engine torque ranges) and 1800 1/min shaft speed. The addition of nanoparticles to 100 % rapeseed oil biodiesel (R100) fuel positively impacts energy, exergy, thermoeconomic, and exergoeconomic results. Among all the test fuels, the best energy, exergy, thermoeconomic, and exergoeconomic performance results are obtained with the R + Ti75 fuel containing 75 ppm TiO 2 , followed by the R + Ce75 and R + Ti50 fuels. The R + Ti75 and R + Ce75 fuels reduce exergy destruction by an average of 7 % and 5.5 % respectively compared to the R100 fuel, while increasing exergy efficiency by an average of 5 % and 4 %. Additionally, the maximum reduction in capital cost (reduction in thermoeconomic impact) is achieved with the R + Ti75 fuel, with an average reduction of approximately 12 %. On the other hand, the lowest environmental impact is obtained with the R100 fuel, while the highest environmental impact is observed with the R + Ti75 and R + Ce75 fuels. In conclusion, the most efficient blends in terms of energy, exergy, thermoeconomic, and exergoeconomic aspects are the R + Ti75 and R + Ce75 fuels.