Optimal Methods for DNA Extraction from Goat Milk and Derivatives

Goat dairy products keep growing in popularity and production volumes. However, the risks of counterfeiting also increase as more and more goat milk is substituted with cow milk. Inspecting authorities need reliable methods to check the authenticity of milk obtained from small ruminants. The type of ruminant can be determined by isolating DNA from somatic cells in the milk. This research featured samples of raw, sterilized, pasteurized, and powdered goat milk. The research objective was to select the optimal kit for DNA extraction from a number of commercial kits available in Russia. The DNK-Sorb-S-M was developed at the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Russia, and employs silicon particles. The Sintol Research and Production Company, Russia, designed three DNA kits. The DNK-Extran-2 relies on salting out nucleic acids; the GMO-Sorb-B uses the organic extraction method; the GMO-Magnosorb is based on magnetic particles. This research involved a high-quality simplex PCR followed by gel electrophoresis to define the isolated DNA samples. A fragment of the D-loop of mitochondrial DNA of Capra hircus served as the target gene. The sorbent methods for nucleic acid extraction proved more efficient as they were able to simplify and accelerate molecular genetic tests, thus ensuring the quality and safety of commercial dairy products. New control methods increase consumer confidence in goat dairy products.