Description of cases of child sexual violence in indonesia from 2018 to 2022 (literature review)

Sexual violence against children in Indonesia has been a pervasive issue that largely remains concealed, resembling the phenomenon of an iceberg. The Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI) reported that there was a significant increase in the number of children who were victims of sexual violence in 2020. Children are particularly vulnerable to such violence, as they are often perceived as weak or powerless and are highly dependent on the adults in their environment. This study aims to describe cases of sexual violence against children in Indonesia from 2018 to 2022. The type of this research is a descriptive study, using a literature review approach by searching for various relevant sources through Google Scholar and Publish or Perish databases. The keywords used in the research for relevant articles include violence, sexual violence, child sexual violence, victims, perpetrators, risk factors. A total of 17 articles were selected for analyses using a synthesis matrix, obtaining following results: (1) The majority child victims of sexual violence were aged 12 to under 18 years old and were predominantly female; (2) Most perpetrators of sexual violence were over 18 years of age and predominantly male; (3) A significant number of perpetrators were part of extra-familial groups; (4) The most prevalent form of sexual violence was penetration, (5) Most the risk factors for sexual violence were associated with familial aspects.