Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles from Amaranthus gangeticus and its anti-diabetic activity on streptozotocin induced rats

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that causes high blood sugar which causes impairment in parts of the body like nerves, eyes, kidneys, and other organs.The treatment using Oral antihyperglycemics can cause many adverse effects and if given in combination, can lead to drug-drug interactions.Innovative antoxidising substances might be introduced to produce therapeutic action on the exact target organs to overcome these issues.Nowadays, metal nanoparticles are highly used in the human health care system due to their excellent biocompatibility and constancy, low cost of methods, and environmentally friendly impressions.Materials and Methods: In the current study, green methods have been adopted to generate the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using the Amaranthus gangeticus plant which is proven as an antidiabetic plant and used to synthesise the green AuNPs from the leaf extract of A.gangeticus using 1 mM Gold chloride solution.The synthesised herbal-mediated AuNPs were introduced to different characterization techniques such as UV Spectroscopy, FTIR analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) respectively.The antidiabetic effect of the produced AuNPs was also tested in vivo.Results: The induction of diabetes using STZ showed increased blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, and massive loss in body weight.These changes were reversed following the dealing of diabetic rats for 28 days and showed significant inhibition at a dose range of 1 mg/kg AuNPs related to the plant extract-tested group. Conclusion:These obtained results suggested that plant-mediated AuNPs have shown promising antidiabetes when correlated to the crude extract.