Determinants of climate-smart agricultural technology adoption: A comprehensive systematic review

Climate-Smart Agricultural (CSA) technologies are essential in enhancing agricultural sustainability and resilience in the face of climate change. However, the successful adoption of these technologies remains a complex challenge influenced by various factors. This research aims to provide a systematic review of the factors affecting the adoption of CSA technologies and thoroughly examine academic research in this rapidly developing study area. Scientific mapping was conducted, analytical techniques were used to understand the annual scientific production countries with the highest citations and co-occurrence network analysis was also done using the key search terms of CSA adoption research. The literature on determinants of CSA adoption is synthesized in terms of theories, contexts, characteristics and methods (TCCM) framework to propose future research directions.Additionally, the study develops a conceptual framework incorporating the commonly mentioned antecedents, mediators, moderators and consequences in existing literature. Drawing upon an extensive review of peer-reviewed articles, this study categorizes factors into 3 main dimensions: Socio-Demographic and Socioeconomic factors, Farm and Land factors and Technological and Informational factors. This review of the research also reveals the impact of positive and negative aspects onCSA's adoption. In addition, this review summarizes the theoretical perspectives taken in this field of study. Furthermore, to develop this research domain, some interesting future research directions have been recommended by identifying understudied research areas.