Analysis of nutritional profiles in colostrum and mature milk of giant panda (<i>Ailuropoda melanoleuca</i>) based on proteomics

Breast milk plays a crucial role in giant panda growth ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca ). This study aimed to analyse nutritional profiles in colostrum and mature milk. Based on DIA proteomics, the colostrum was rich in immunoreactive proteins, anti‐inflammatory and antimicrobial proteins. The mature milk contained proteins involved in ribosome, fatty acid degradation and amino acid metabolism. Besides, there were more amino acids and saturated fatty acids in mature milk than colostrum. This research enclosed the nutritional difference in colostrum and mature milk of giant panda innovatively, and provided scientific evidence for exploiting substitutes that simulate natural breast milk for different lactation stages.