Vaginal Yeast Infections: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Abstract Vaginal yeast infection, or vaginal candidiasis, is a common condition caused by the overgrowth of the yeast Candida albicans . Approximately 75% of women will experience at least one episode in their lifetime. Candida species, especially C. albicans, typically exist as part of the normal vaginal flora but can proliferate due to various triggers, such as antibiotic use, hormonal changes, or weakened immune systems. The infection presents with symptoms such as itching, burning, white discharge resembling cottage cheese, and discomfort during sexual intercourse. Diagnosis typically involves a pelvic examination, and treatment ranges from over-the-counter antifungal creams to prescription medications like fluconazole. Home remedies, such as applying yogurt or using probiotics, have gained popularity, though their efficacy is not consistently supported by clinical evidence. The potential complications of untreated infections include recurrent episodes, pelvic inflammatory disease, and in rare cases, increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections. Effective prevention strategies include avoiding douching, wearing breathable cotton underwear, and maintaining balanced vaginal flora. This communication focuses on the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and preventive measures for vaginal yeast infection, emphasizing the need for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment to prevent recurrence and complications.