Comparative effectiveness of Moringa leaf extract, a natural biostimulant, with inorganic NPK fertilizer for regulating growth and the activities of enzymatic antioxidants in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Bio-stimulants include a range of compounds effective enough to enhance certain physiological processes that promote crop ontogeny and development, so that the use of synthetic fertilizers can be greatly decreased. Moringa Leaf Extract (MLE) is a good source of fertilizers alterative to NPK and other macro- and micro-nutrients. MLE has the ability of promoting healthy and safe foods that are environment-friendly. Therefore, the use of safe natural bio-stimulants such as MLE to enhance the growth and productivity of food crops is indispensable these days. The present study was designed to examine the efficiency and effectiveness of MLE with respect to NPK fertilizers on two spring wheat varieties, Akbar-2019 and Ujala-2016. Pot experiments were conducted in the Botanical Garden of the University of Gujrat, Gujrat., Pakistan. The experiments were laid down in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. Three levels of Moringa leaf extract (0%, 10%, and 20%) and three levels of NPK fertilizers (0%, 10%, and 20%) were applied after two weeks of seed germination. It was found that 10% and 20 % of both MLE and NPK enhanced the crop growth by increasing foliage growth, and antioxidative enzymes activities. MLE applied as 10% showed better results in terms of enhancing the crop growth as compared to NPK. MLE was also more effective than NPK in promoting the activities of key enzymatic antioxidants such as SOD, CAT and POD. Of the two varieties of wheat, Ujala-2016 had better response to MLE 10% in terms of growth and biochemical attributes measured in this study. It was concluded that MLE, being cost-effective and eco-friendly, can be applied as a potential source of fertilizers to improve growth and yield of wheat.