Abstracts from Hydrocephalus 2024: The 16th Meeting of the Hydrocephalus Society

Introduction: Despite generally good technical progress in controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) in ophthalmology or ICP (intracranial pressure) in neurosurgery, it is known that some patients (about 25% of the targeted populations) still suffer from experiencing visual impairments or symptoms of dementia.This presents a dilemma for ophthalmologists, neurosurgeons and their patients.Methods: A literature search was conducted using the keywords "normal pressure hydrocephalus" AND "normal pressure glaucoma" AND "neurodegeneration OR neuroprotection" to determine whether there are any promising treatments for protecting from neurodegeneration that could give hope to patients.Results: 117 articles were found on PubMed and Google Scholar; after exclusion, 72 articles were screened, further exclusions were made when no reference to treatment options were reported.Treatment optionsincluded sleep, breathing, clean air, without fine particles; physical activity, posture, reduction of cardiovascular risk factors including adiposity; 1 Hz flicker light and electromagnetic stimulation; nutritional supplements, including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA,) Vitamin B3, flavenoids; GABA agonists, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF), mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum-associated treatments, those directed against ferroptosis and inflammation, and others seem in development. Conclusions:The evidence for a variety of different treatments available should encourage both physicians and patients to engage in the treatment process to delay blindness or dementia, or both.