The Potential Diagnostic Value of Sonographic Fetal Parameters as Markers of Prematurity

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the validity of fetal parameters measured by sonography, as an indicator of fetal lung maturity. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on pregnant women between 30- and 37-weeks’ gestation, who were at risk of preterm delivery and gave birth within the next 72 hours. Utilizing sonography, distal femoral epiphysis, placental grading, and free-floating particles in amniotic fluid were investigated. Upon birth, newborns were followed from birth and 72 hours postpartum, and those with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were identified. Results: The diameter of distal femoral epiphysis in patients without RDS was significantly higher than in patients with RDS ( p < .001). Moreover, there was a significant difference in placenta grading in patients with and without RDS ( p = .046). However, the frequency of free-floating particles in the amniotic fluid, within the two groups was not significantly different ( p = .106). The cutting point of the diameter of the distal femoral epiphysis was 2.20 mm (e.g., sensitivity 74%; specificity 89%). Conclusion: Based on the results obtained in this cohort study, measuring the diameter of the distal femoral epiphysis may have relatively good accuracy for gauging fetal lung maturity.