Review of epidemiology, prevention and management of blood-borne viruses experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples

This review examines the epidemiology, prevention, and management of blood-borne viruses (BBVs) experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia with a focus on hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV. The review highlights the disproportionate burden of BBVs among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia, influenced by historical, social, and cultural factors stemming from colonisation. Key findings include higher prevalence rates of hepatitis B and C compared to non-Indigenous Australians, with some progress in reducing new infections through vaccination and treatment programs. However, significant gaps remain in screening, linkage to care, and treatment uptake. The review discusses successful culturally appropriate interventions which have improved engagement with health services. Barriers to care include stigma, lack of culturally safe services, and competing health priorities. The review emphasises the need for community-led initiatives, integration of BBV care into primary health services, and addressing social determinants of health to improve outcomes. Future directions include expanding access to culturally safe healthcare, scaling up peer-based interventions, and enhancing data collection to inform targeted strategies. This review provides insights to guide public health responses and policy development aimed at reducing the impact of BBVs among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. This review is part of a suite of knowledge exchange products that includes a summary, a video and a fact sheet.