HJ-Biplot for the study of unemployment and violence: A socio-economic and criminological analysis in Ecuador

This study examines the complex relationship between unemployment and violence in Ecuador for 2019–2022, using HJ Biplot analysis to uncover the underlying socio-economic and criminological dynamics. The study reveals a nuanced relationship between unemployment and different types of violence. While unemployment is significantly associated with homicides and murders, the association with femicides and hired assassinations is much weaker. Significant regional and temporal patterns and changes like violence are also observed, highlighting the need for dynamic and adaptive strategies. Exceptions in certain provinces, where patterns of violence and unemployment differ from the rest, highlight the importance of local approaches to policymaking.