The influence of the menstrual cycle on inflammatory markers: the cytokines Il-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the gingival crevicular fluid

All clinical periodontal parameters, except for the PI, showed a slight increase from the follicular phase to the luteal phase, with significant differences observed between each phase. The levels of GCF IL-1β (<i>P</i>=0.012), IL-6 (<i>P</i>=0.002), and TNF-α (<i>P</i>=0.015) were statistically significant, with increases in IL-1β and IL-6 throughout the menstrual cycle, peaking in the luteal phase. This demonstrates the influence of the menstrual cycle on clinical periodontal and GCF inflammatory markers.