Impact of Patient Safety Culture and Reporting Flow Perception on Nurses’ Intentions to Report Safety Incidents

The nursing unit accounts for the highest number of Patient Safety Incidents (PSI), with 64.83% of incidents in Hospital X Malang occurring in this unit, creating opportunities for underreporting. This study analyzes the influence of patient safety culture on nurses' willingness to report incidents using a descriptive quantitative cross-sectional approach with Partial Least Square analysis. Data were collected through questionnaires from nurses in various units. Results showed a moderate safety culture and reporting willingness, with significant effects of safety culture on perceptions of reporting flow, which in turn influenced reporting willingness. Weaknesses were found in understanding report-making and grading implementation. The study emphasizes fostering a strong patient safety culture and streamlining reporting systems. Practical applications include targeted training for nurses, enhanced communication channels, and a non-punitive reporting framework to reduce underreporting, strengthen reporting systems, and improve patient safety.