New Justifications for the Ballistic Structure and Motion Scheme of Photons

The work relates to the fundamentals of quantum physics and photonics, in particular to the formation of ballistic photons, as well as to the parameters of their structure and processes of their motion. The study of these problems is an important and urgent task for understanding the foundations of the material world, which has not yet been fully resolved. At present, a wide range of electromagnetic waves is referred to as photons or quanta of wave radiation. But it is necessary to highlight the waves of the optical range of 380 – 760 nm, associated with photons – the only massless physical particles in the material world. This led to an attempt to abandon photons as physical particles and replace them with wave radiation. In addition to the problem of mass, the problem of ballistic photons and the motion pattern is acute. Its solution is the main goal of the work performed, and new confirmations of the ballistic motion of photons as an electromagnetic wave and as a physical particle within the duality of its existence is its scientific novelty. Research Methods: Since this work has the level of scientific discovery, for finding which strict methods have not yet been created, therefore, general principles of development of the theory of scientific knowledge were used, based on the laws of dialectics and consistency with the basic laws of physics. The author's research methodology was also used, based on the transition to the initial quantum level of the material world and the processes occurring at the same time. New Results of the Work and their Discussion: It is shown that photons are dual matter-wave physical objects, in which the properties of an electromagnetic wave prevail when they move at the speed of light, and the properties of a material particle are manifested when they slow down or meet an obstacle. The rectilinearity of their movement reduces them to ballistic ones. In this case, photons are transformed into spherical waves of Planck thickness 4.05×10- 35 m, with a transverse surface of the sphere of 1 steradian, the radius of which and half the length of its arc are equal to the wavelength of radiation λmax, and spherical waves rotate perpendicular to the vector of their motion. When reflected from a mirror surface, they turn inside out, preserving the previous direction of rotation, and a change in the vector of the direction of motion makes them antiphotons, in which the spin and direction of the right and left mapping change. Conclusions: All photons are ballistic, from their emission to absorption or re-emission. Other types of photons and their motion by re-emission of energy make up an insignificant part of their total number. There are possibilities for experimental confirmation of the obtained results, to which all laboratories and researchers with such capabilities are invited.