Optimizing the configuration of grid-forming and grid-following control in doubly-fed wind farms considering machine-side dynamics

Abstract With the growing integration of renewable energy, particularly wind power, into power systems, the effectiveness of wind farms in supporting grid stability is increasingly critical. Traditional grid-following (GFL) controls often fall short in weak grids with low short-circuit ratios (SCR), leading to stability issues. In contrast, grid-forming (GFM) controls, which simulate synchronous machine behavior, offer enhanced grid support and stability. This study investigates the optimization of control strategies for doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) wind farms by comparing four configurations—grid-following DFIGs, grid-side GFM DFIGs, machine-side GFM DFIGs, and doubly grid-forming DFIGs. Through MATLAB/Simulink simulations, the study finds that doubly grid-forming DFIGs provide superior stability and grid support under low SCR conditions. These findings inform optimal configuration practices for wind farms in high-renewable-energy environments.