A Literature Study : The Determination of Landing Site for Amphibious Operation

This study aims to identify criteria and methods for determining amphibious operation landing sites, emphasizing the importance of beach characteristics, technological advances, and robust decision-making processes in optimizing site selection for successful operations. The methodology used is a literature study referring to data from five articles, namely Abdurahman et al. (2020), Azhari et al. (2016), Taryono (2022), Setiarso et al. (2018), and Wijatmiko et al. (2021). The analysis shows common themes among these studies, especially the emphasis on environmental and geographic factors such as coastal gradient, wave height, and wind conditions as crucial determinants in site selection. However, the methodological approach of each study varies. Abdurahman et al. (2020) and Azhari et al. (2016) focus on natural factors by applying fuzzy logic systems and meteorological analysis, respectively. Meanwhile, Taryono (2022) and Setiarso et al. (2018) used a decision-making model such as AHP to prioritize coastal characteristics, although they differed in the focus of criteria weights and site ranking. Wijatmiko et al. (2021) combined advanced methods, including NDVI and the Lyzenga algorithm, for detailed analysis of shoreline and seabed features. These findings emphasize the complexity of amphibious operations planning, where a systematic and multi-criteria approach is critical to ensure mission success. The integration of qualitative and quantitative literature review methodologies provides a comprehensive framework for determining optimal landing sites.