Interleukin-34: A New Immunological Marker to Enhance the Initial Diagnosis of Thyroid Disorders

Background:Thyroid disorders are divided into two types: hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, The prevalence of hypothyroidism is increasing in India,Iraqfollowedby China, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Europe, and America. As for, the prevalence is increasing in the north and Baghdad, while the prevalence of hyperthyroidism is increasing in Sweden, the United States, and Europe. In Iraq, the prevalence of hyperthyroidism is increasing in Basra, Nasiriyah, Baghdad, and Dohuk. Materials and Methods: 90 persons were participated in the current study, they were classified into two group, patients and healthy individuals. Patients group included 30 patients with hypothyroidisms (10 males: 20 females), while the second group included 30 patients with hyperthyroidisms (10 males:20 females). The controls group included 30 individuals (11 males: 19 females) who appeared healthy and whose ages ranged from 30 to 60 years. Sandwich-ELISA method was applied to determine the level of interleukin-34 in the serum samples of the study individuals. Results: The current study aimed to evaluate the levels of (TSH, T4, T3, FT3, FT4, anti-TPO, anti-TG) in sera samples of patients with thyroid disorders (hypothyroidisms and hyperthyroidisms) and healthy controls. The results showed a significant elevation (p=0.000) of the TSH, T4, T3, FT4, FT3, anti-TPO, anti-TG concentration in hypothyroidism patients group comparison to the those in the controls group, the same result was noted when the two sickness groups compared together except anti-TG (p=0.07), while no noted significant elevationof the TSH (p=0.706), anti-TPO (p=0.282) when comparing between hyperthyroidism group and healthy control group. The results showed a significant elevation (p=0.000) of the interleukin-34 concentration in hypothyroidism patients group comparison to the those in the controls group, the same result was noted when the two sickness groups compared together and when compared between hyperthyroidismgroup and controls group.