Acute Bilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis in a Patient With Anti-Leucine-Rich Glioma-Inactivated 1 (LGI1) Limbic Encephalitis

Autoimmune encephalitis is a disorder characterized by an autoantibody-mediated process that leads to brain inflammation. It is associated with neurological symptoms including cognitive issues, psychiatric problems, seizures, and autonomic dysfunctions. Anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 limbic encephalitis (anti-LGI1 LE) is a rare type of autoimmune LE with a unique presentation, comprising neuropsychiatric disturbances, sleep disorders, and faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS). While the involvement of the larynx is seen in various other autoimmune and neurological diseases, it is not a known issue with anti-LGI1 LE. The purpose of this case report is to highlight an atypical symptom - acute bilateral vocal cord failure - that unexpectedly occurred in a patient with anti-LGI1 LE.