Use of RPAS (DRONES) for Masonry Arch Bridges Inspection: Quality and Sustainable Work with Preventive Guarantee

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of drones as a tool for the inspection of masonry arch bridges, to determine whether drones can replace traditional inspection methods. Theoretical Framework: Based on the criteria established by public infrastructure management authorities for the inspection of bridges, the article explains how drones have revolutionised various sectors, such as civil engineering, allowing for detailed and safe visual inspections in hard-to-reach places. In this regard, previous studies are reviewed that have demonstrated the effectiveness of drones for various reconnaissance operations. Method: The methodology adopted for this investigation included a visual inspection using a drone on two medieval bridges that currently only support pedestrian traffic: a single-arch bridge, the Puente del Grajal, and a multi-arch bridge, the Puente Brandomil. Results and Discussion: The results confirmed that the drone can diagnose various injuries on bridges, as proof of the effectiveness of this microtool to carry out a complete visual inspection of an old construction, and of all its visible elements, whether they are accessible or not. Research Implications: Research shows that drones can be a model tool for the conservation of architectural heritage, allowing fast and safe visual diagnoses, with lower costs and risks. The use of drones can transform current practices for structural assessment of any infrastructure, including any type of monument. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature in the field of heritage conservation by demonstrating that drones can replace traditional inspection methods, reducing costs, time and risks for workers, while preserving the integrity of the inspected structure. The research is quite innovative in combining drone inspection techniques in a cultural heritage context, opening up new opportunities in the conservation of ancient structures.