Performance enhancement of a photovoltaic-thermal system: comprehensive analysis of thermal and electrical efficiency using CuO and Ag nanofluids

This study investigates the performance enhancement of a photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) system through the incorporation of CuO and Ag nanofluids, aiming to optimize both thermal and electrical efficiencies. The research compares three different working fluids: pure water, water with CuO nanoparticles, and water with Ag nanoparticles. Experimental data were collected from Khenchela, Algeria, which is characterized by a wide range of temperatures throughout the year, providing an ideal environment to evaluate the performance of the PV/T system under realistic conditions. The results show significant improvements in thermal management, particularly when using nanofluids, with silver nanoparticles demonstrating the most substantial effect on heat transfer. This enhanced thermal conductivity allows for better cooling of the photovoltaic cells, reducing the temperature-related losses and improving energy conversion rates. The study underscores the potential of nanofluid technology as a novel approach to boost the overall performance of PV/T systems by enhancing their heat transfer capabilities. These findings contribute to the ongoing development of more efficient, sustainable solar energy solutions and highlight the role of nanofluids in advancing high-performance solar technologies for the future.