Assessment of knowledge and utilization of contraceptive methods among puerperal women at Saint-Nicolas Hospital in Haiti

Background This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge of postpartum patients on traditional (lactation amenorrhea method (LAM), withdrawal, calendar) and modern (condoms, intrauterine devices (IUDs), pills, implants, sterilization) contraception methods available in Haiti as well as their behaviour towards them. We also sought to investigate possible correlations between the level of knowledge and other variables such as age, parity and level of education. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the maternity ward of Saint-Nicolas Hospital, Saint-Marc, involving 175 postpartum women who met the inclusion criteria and consented to participate. Data were collected using a questionnaire covering knowledge, use of contraceptive methods, and socio-demographic information. Statistical analysis included univariate and bivariate descriptive analyses using Epi Info 7.2.5.0, with a P-value < 0.05 considered significant. Results Most women (58.86%) were aged 20-30. Most (89.14%) had previously used contraception, with male condoms being the most common (74.35%) and IUDs the least used (1.3%). Knowledge levels were generally average (36-53 points /72), with only 5% having good knowledge. Fear of side effects was a significant barrier (26%). Higher knowledge levels correlated with age, parity, and education (P = 0.02). Conclusions Contraceptive knowledge among the women was average and improved with age, education, and parity. Modern contraceptive methods were underutilized. Awareness and education targeting younger and less educated individuals in rural areas are essential to enhance use of effective contraception, prevent unwanted pregnancies and reduce maternal mortality rates.