Associations of diet and lifestyle with new-onset diabetes and major cardiovascular events: The cardiometabolic disease and cancer cohort (4C) study and mendelian randomization

At present, there is an absence of a widely accepted model for a healthy diet-lifestyle in China. Therefore, this study aims to provide novel evidence for the development of a healthier diet-lifestyle model specifically tailored to the Chinese population. Over the 10-year follow-up period of 7612 participants, 545 incident cases of diabetes and 308 incident cases of major cardiovascular events were documented. Cox regression analysis indicated that participants consuming 0–2 servings of milk per week had a reduced risk of diabetes, with a hazard ratio of 0.72 (0.56–0.92). In contrast, coffee consumption was associated with an increased risk of diabetes. Moderate consumption of carbonated drinks and fruit drink was linked to a decreased risk of major cardiovascular events. The RCS analysis and Mendelian randomization analysis yielded largely consistent results. These research findings underscore the crucial role of maintaining appropriate dietary and lifestyle habits for overall health in adults. • Adopting appropriate interventions play a significant role in the prevention of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. • Consumption of milk is associated with a reduced risk of diabetes, whereas the opposite is true for coffee consumption. • These results may help clinicians to better develop good dietary standards for their patients to combat disease.