Fabrication and characterization of lactoperoxidase coated the modified graphene oxide-based nanocomposite for medical applications

This study aims to synthesize an innovative (GO-PAA-Cu-LP) nanocomposite through multi-steps for medical applications. First, graphene oxide (GO) was radically anchored with polyacrylic acid (PAA), subsequently, activation through substituting the H-atom of the carboxylic group in PAA with Na-atom. Afterward, Cu-ions are easily loaded over the activated carboxylated groups to act as a satellite in combination with bovine milk lactoperoxidase (LP). The prepared composites were characterized by various techniques, including SEM, TEM, EDX, FTIR, TGA, and XRD analysis, as well as determination of zeta size and potentials for each composite. The experimental results exhibited the ability of LP in the modified form (GO-PAA-Cu-LP) to keep its stability during storage conditions with activity around 73 % of its original reactivity after storage for 9 weeks at 4 °C. The results revealed the selectivity of GO-PAA-Cu-LP against both treated Caco-2 and Huh-7 cells greater than free GO-PAA-Cu composite and free LP. Therefore, these results indicate that the combination of LP with the modified GO-PAA-Cu composite increased its selectivity against all treated cancer cells. These results indicate that the modified GO-PAA-Cu-LP enhanced cell cycle arrest of treated cancer cells in both sub-G1 phase (apoptotic phase) and S phase compared with untreated cells, stimulating apoptotic mechanism.