Adopting artificial intelligence in Kenyan academic libraries: analyzing through the technology-organization-environment framework

Purpose The main aim of the paper was to determine the effect of Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) Framework on adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in Kenyan academic libraries anchored on diffusion innovation and TOE theories. Design/methodology/approach The target population comprised of 517 librarians, deputy librarian, and senior staff from 98 academic libraries from institutions of higher learning in Kenya. The study used stratified and random technique to sample 226 respondents. Findings Findings showed that technology factors (relative advantages, compatibility, and complexity) and environmental factors (regulatory environment, competitive pressure, and vendor partnership) positively affect adoption of AI in Kenyan academic libraries. However, organizational factors (firm size, top management support, and organizational readiness) had insignificant effect on adoption of AI in Kenyan academic libraries. Research limitations/implications The study underscores the necessity of proactive policy measures and managerial decisions to drive AI adoption in academic libraries. Policymakers must prioritize investments in training and resources to enhance staff readiness and create supportive regulatory environments. Library administrators play a pivotal role in demonstrating leadership support and effectively allocating resources to overcome implementation challenges. Tailoring adoption strategies to individual library needs and fostering collaboration between policymakers and administrators are critical for successful AI integration. Originality/value Other studies that have been done on application of AI in academic libraries have taken broader approach but this study narrows its focus to highlighting the pivotal influence of technological factors on AI adoption in academic libraries, recognizing the benefits and obstacles inherent in integration.