Development Models, Key Characteristics, and Implications of High-Level Modern Apprenticeship Systems: A Case Study of Britain, Germany, and the United States

With the upgrading of modern industrial structures and the advent of the digital age, higher education in vocational training at the undergraduate level plays a crucial role in adapting to the demands of economic transformation, cultivating high-level technical skills talents, and enhancing the appeal of vocational education. The high-level modern apprenticeship systems in countries such as the UK, Germany, and the US exhibit distinct features in areas such as top-level design coordination, operational mechanism collaboration, standard system construction, and quality assurance supervision. Drawing on their advanced experiences is beneficial for filling the gaps in policies, improving operational efficiency, responding to the demands of the era, and addressing questions of quality in China's undergraduate-level vocational education modern apprenticeship system.