Single-cell profiling uncovers synovial fibroblast subpopulations associated with chondrocyte injury in osteoarthritis

Our study elucidated the interactions and correlations between OA synovial cells and chondrocytes. <i>CILP</i>+ synovial fibroblasts may exert reparative and protective effects on chondrocytes of patients with OA by promoting cell proliferation, inhibiting inflammation, and stabilizing cellular structures, thereby potentially mitigating the progression of cartilage lesions in affected patients. In contrast, <i>POSTN</i>+ synovial fibroblasts may exacerbate chondrocyte deterioration in patients with OA by enhancing degradation, inflammation, and apoptosis, thereby exacerbating cartilage lesions. Investigating the underlying molecular mechanisms between OA synovial cells and chondrocytes refines the understanding of OA pathogenesis and provides valuable insights for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of OA.