Toxicological Insights into Myrmecodia platytyrea Tuber Aqueous Extract: An Oral Acute and Subacute Toxicity Studies in Mice

Despite advancements in medical science, the global burden of inflammation-related diseases remains high, necessitating the exploration of novel and effective remedies that can offer relief without significant side effects. The indigenous peoples of Papua and Borneo use the decoction of Myrmecodia platytyrea tubers, the ant plant, for its medical benefits, particularly in cancer therapy, demonstrating the deep traditional knowledge of natural treatments. The Rubiaceae plant has been used in traditional medicine to alleviate inflammation and other conditions. Thus, this study aims to investigate the toxicological profile of the aqueous extract of M. platytyrea tubers (MPAE). The study conducted adhered to recognised protocols for assessing oral acute and subacute toxicity, with necessary modifications to meet the specific experimental needs. In the acute toxicity study, male and female mice received a single oral dose of MPAE at 2000 mg/kg and monitored for 14 days. In the subacute toxicity study, male and female mice received 500 mg/kg/day MPAE orally for 28 days. Physical and behavioural changes were observed. Haematological parameters and biochemical parameters were analysed, including histology of the liver and kidneys. Acute and subacute toxicity studies found no clinical signs of toxicity, mortality, or weight changes. The subacute toxicity study found no significant changes in haematological parameters or biochemical parameters for both sexes. Acute and subacute toxicity tests revealed no treatment-related necropsy, gross, or histopathological abnormalities. In conclusion, MPAE is safe to consume and supports further development of M. platytyrea for treating inflammation-related diseases, particularly cancer.