The Role of Phenol and Flavonoid in the Synthesis and Application of Nano Graphene Oxide

The unique properties of graphene oxide have generated significant interest in recent years. Many potent aromatic drugs are water-insoluble, complicating their administration. Nano graphene oxide, a potential drug carrier, is typically synthesized through environmentally harmful chemical methods. This review emphasizes the need for more sustainable approaches to address these challenges while maintaining graphene oxide's effectiveness in drug delivery. Plant extracts are rich in bioactive compounds known as phytochemicals which have the ability to synthesize nano graphene oxide. A large and most intricate class of these phytochemicals are Phenolic compounds which have an aromatic ring and one or more hydroxyl groups in their structural conformations. Based on their structural composition, they are divided into subgroups that include phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, lignans, quinones, stilbenes, and carotenoids. Plant polyphenols are gaining increasing attention because of their potent antioxidant properties and important roles in preventing oxidative stress-related diseases. The extraction, identification, and characterization of phenolic compounds from a range of plant sources has become a major area of study in the health and medical fields in recent years. The role of phenol and flavonoid in the synthesis and application of nano composites are also covered in this review.