Circularity potential of electric motors in e-mobility: methods, technologies, challenges

Abstract The imperative shift toward sustainable development mandates a revolutionary transformation in the transportation sector. While the transition from internal combustion engines to electric motors represents a pivotal step, its ecological impact may fall short of expectations. This undertaking is motivated by the recognition that a truly impactful transition necessitates intricate strategies, addressing resource consumption during manufacturing and minimizing post-use waste. This literature review is dedicated to enhancing the framework of circular strategies within the realm of electric motors, with a specific focus on remanufacturing. The objective is to cultivate a conscientious approach to product development, primarily centered on the four key pillars of circularity: reuse, remanufacture, upgrade, and recycle. The primary goal is to furnish a comprehensive overview of the myriad possibilities associated with reusing products, either in parts or as a whole. Upon introducing the circular approach, this review underscores pivotal enabling technologies essential for a successful transition. These include inspection, disassembly, rewinding, and demagnetization. The ensuing discussion delves into the technological challenges faced and presents cutting-edge solutions poised to redefine the landscape. The concluding section extends the perspective to the future, introducing innovative studies and solutions still in their developmental stages. This review is tailored for decision-makers, policymakers, and researchers, providing them with a valuable overview and facilitating discussions to propel our society toward a sustainable and responsible future in electric motor technology.