GENETIC RESOURCES OF RIBES NIGRUM L. IN SITU AND EX SITU IN THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN

The article presents the results of the evaluation of the Ribes nigrum L. collection at the "Kushnarenkovsky Breeding Center for Fruit and Berry Crops and Grapes" in the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB). The collection includes 24 varieties, 57 hybrids, 62 seedlings of domestic breeding, and 3 wild forms of R. nigrum. The study objects were varieties of R. nigrum bred by the Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture: Belskaya, Bobrovaya, Valovaya, Iremel, Karaidel, Kushnarenkovskaya, Truzhenitsa, Estafeta, and varieties from other regions of the Russian Federation: Gracia, Chudnoye Mgnovenie, Ocharovanie, Kipiana, Iskushenie, Maly Princ, Tamerlan, Sensei, Pigmei, Suiga, Tikzo, Nilga, Sobolinka. It has been shown that under changing climatic conditions, the Valovaya, Iremel, and Truzhenitsa varieties maintain their berry ripening phenorhythms. The growing season length of R. nigrum varieties in the Republic of Bashkortostan for the period 2015–2023 averaged 188±4.2 days. High adaptation to changing climatic conditions was demonstrated by the Bobrovaya, Iremel, Karaidel, and Kushnarenkovskaya varieties, which possess strong frost and drought resistance. The Valovaya variety has been identified as a reliable source of large-fruit traits. Large-fruited varieties also include Belskaya, Truzhenitsa, and Iremel, with an average berry weight of 2.3 g or more. High yields were observed in the Belskaya (133 c/ha), Iremel (133 c/ha), and Truzhenitsa (148.3 c/ha) varieties. High ascorbic acid content was noted in the Chishma (179.8±17.6 mg/%), Karaidel (151.8±11.3 mg/%), and Iremel (150.1±10.4 mg/%) varieties. The maximum sugar content (13.3%) was recorded in the Estafeta variety in 2012, and a high level of ascorbic acid (340.0 mg/100 g) was noted in the Karaidel variety in 2023. Clonal micropropagation protocols have been developed for the Karaidel, Chishma, and Seyanets Golubki varieties. The rehabilitated R. nigrum regenerants grown under ex vitro conditions retain varietal traits, phenorhythms, and show high productivity. In RB, R. rubrum L. and R. nigrum are found in natural habitats. The latter is widely distributed across 25 administrative districts, in three botanical- geographical zones, which may be of interest for breeding work.