A Clinical Study on Correlation of Helicobacter Pylori in Cholelithiasis in All Patients Presenting to Tertiary Care Centre

Introduction: Gallstones are a common gastrointestinal issue with various risk factors, including obesity, pregnancy, poor nutrition, and certain medical conditions. The prevalence of gallstones is higher in women, particularly in their 30s and 40s. The presence of culturable bacteria in bile, known as bactibilia, is associated with biliary system diseases. This study focuses on the role of Helicobacter pylori in gallstone formation and its presence in the gallbladder mucosa and bile. Objectives: 1) Assess the presence of H. pylori in gallbladder mucosa and bile. 2) Evaluate the risk of gallstone formation due to H. pylori. Methods: Patients undergoing cholecystectomy at Saraswati Institute of Medical Science were included. Data were collected through informed consent, history taking, and relevant investigations. Bile was aspirated during cholecystectomy and subjected to smearing, staining, and culture sensitivity testing. Gallbladder tissues were examined using Giemsa stain for H. pylori presence. Results: The study evaluated 100 patients for H. pylori using bile culture and staining techniques. The majority of patients were aged 51 - 60 years, with a higher prevalence in females. Most patients were overweight, and pigmented stones were common. Bile culture was positive in 45.5% of samples, with black and brown stones showing higher culture positivity. Helicobacter - like organisms were found in seven gallbladder mucosa samples. Conclusion: The study suggests a potential link between H. pylori and gallbladder diseases, particularly gallstone formation. Pigmented stones are more associated with bacterial presence, highlighting the need for further research on bacterial colonization in gallstone pathogenesis.