Design and characteristics of a double-layer gradient grid structure for broadband electromagnetic wave absorption

Grid structures are renowned for their lightweight and high-strength properties. When combined with wave absorption technology, they can form multifunctional broadband wave-absorbing structures. However, traditional grid wave-absorbing structures face challenges in impedance matching control, limiting their effectiveness over a broader frequency band. Additionally, conventional simulation optimization methods in the field of wave-absorbing structures are inefficient and yield suboptimal results. To address these issues, this study introduces a double-layer gradient grid absorber composite structure (DGGS) and employs a genetic algorithm optimization framework to adjust its structural parameters. By applying the principles of impedance matching and genetic optimization algorithms, the DGGS successfully reduces electromagnetic wave reflectivity, achieving significant absorption effects within the 2.45 to 18 GHz frequency range. Furthermore, the absorber is constructed from composite materials such as fiberglass, ensuring reliable strength and significant cost-effectiveness. The genetic algorithm has optimized the structural parameters to achieve the optimal impedance gradient and maximize absorption efficiency. This structure not only exhibits exceptional mechanical strength but also demonstrates excellent energy absorption performance, presenting broad application prospects.