Progress in preparation and application of biomass-based antibacterial materials

<p indent="0mm">Pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, pose significant challenges to human health. Biomass-based antibacterial materials offer several advantages, including renewability, degradability, modifiability, and excellent biocompatibility, making them a focal point of research in recent years. This paper systematically reviews the preparation and application progress of representative biomass-based antibacterial materials, such as cellulose, lignin, and chitosan, over the past few years. It encompasses an analysis of the antibacterial principles of biomass, material preparation methods, and optimization strategies for enhancing antibacterial properties, including structural modifications such as quaternization, aminosilanization, carboxymethylation, thiolation, and compounding with nano-metal or metal oxide particles. This paper introduces grafting principles for biomass-based materials and antibacterial molecules, examining metal and non-metal composite properties. It discusses the applications of biomass-based antibacterial materials in healthcare, food preservation, cosmetics, textiles, and sewage treatment. The paper also summarizes the current research status, challenges, and future trends in biomass-based antibacterial materials.