Path Analysis: Investigation of Influence Factors on the Occurrence of Anemia in Pregnant Women in Endemic Areas in Indonesia

Background:Anemia in pregnant women is still a problem that affects health in both developed and developing countries. The prevalence in developed countries is around 14% and developing countries is still 51%.Many factors influence the incidence of anemia, including socio-demographic factors, food intake, consumption of Fe tablets, and infectious diseases. Infectious diseases that can affect include malaria and HIV. The aim of this research is to determine the factors that influence the incidence of anemia in pregnant women in rural areas. Method:The research design used cross sectional.The population that will be used in this research is all pregnant women in the working area of ​​the Kemtuk Health Center, Jayapura Regency, Papua Province. Samples were taken based on inclusion and exclusion criteria of 97 people. Data uses secondary data taken from medical records during 2022-2023. Data analysis was carried out using univariate and chi square analysis, and path analysis. Results:The research results show thatthe majority of pregnant women were not infected with malaria, 85 people (87.6%), not infected with HIV, 89 people (91.8%), and had anemia (53.6%). The incidence of anemia is related to malaria infection (p value 0.001) and HIV (p value 0.006). The results of the path analysis show that the factor that is directly related to the incidence of anemia is the level of education (b= 2.02; CI 95%= 0.32 to 3.73; p=0.020), CED status (b= 4.95; CI 95%= 2.68 to 7.21; p=0.020), malaria infection (b= 4.64; CI 95%= 1.71 to 6.54; p=0.009), and HIV infection (b= 5.75; 95% CI= 2.20 to 5.28; p=0.09). Conclusion:There is a direct and significant relationship between education level, KEK status, malaria infection, and HIV with the incidence of anemia, while parity and employment have an indirect relationship with the incidence of anemia.