Consequences of Genomic Mutations and Altered Proteins of SARS-CoV-2 on the Efficacy of Vaccine

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 has been impacting human health since its first outbreak in December, 2019 in Wuhan province of China. The virus in its naïve form has undergone multiple changes since then. However, the vaccine form of virus possesses specific set of proteins which since being artificially prepared, will not tend to change. In the present study, we have aimed to analyze the genomic mutations and altered proteins of the naïve virus and to study their efficacy with respect to the available vaccines. A meta-analysis was conducted to identify the mutations reported from various parts of the world. According to the Medical Subject Headings (MESH), terminology, search engines were assigned particular keywords. The abstracts that showed a correlation with the research were deemed suitable for additional full-text analysis. There were inclusion and exclusion criteria taken into account. The latest mutation reported i.e. JN.1 was also analyzed to see the mutations and how will it affect the transmissibility. We identified 74 research articles, out of which 22 were taken into consideration. Abstracts were reviewed and those articles which were linked to our objective were read in full text. Mutations were mostly observed in the Spike (S) protein of Coronavirus and the study indicated that vaccines which are available, are not sufficient to produce the specific antibody response against the mutated versions of SARS -CoV-2.