Analysis of Splicing Manipulation in Digital Images using Dyadic Wavelet Transform (DyWT) and Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) Methods

In the digital age, image manipulation is common, often done before publication on social media. However, this can lead to negative impacts, including visual deception. This research aims to detect splicing type image manipulation using Dyadic Wavelet Transform (DyWT) and Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) methods. The process starts with image decomposition using DyWT to obtain LL sub-images, followed by local feature extraction using SIFT. An application built on desktop-based Matlab source was developed to detect splicing forgery in digital images. The test used 20 images, this image dataset was taken from canon 5d mark II camera and Vivo X80 mobile phone. Each 10 original images, and 10 edited images. These 10 original images are left as they are without making changes, editing or manipulation, while the other 10 images are changed, edited or manipulated using editing software, the results of this editing are uploaded to social media, such as Facebook and Instagram, which will later be used as datasets in testing. The results show that the splicing technique is detected accurately, and processing is faster on images with low pixel resolution. The DyWT and SIFT methods are effective in detecting post-processing attacks such as rotation and rescaling, although they have drawbacks. DyWT struggles in detecting subtle changes and noise, while SIFT is less effective on non-geometric manipulations. Overall, both methods face challenges in detecting complex manipulations and require significant computational resources, especially on high-resolution images.