Bow-tie printed dipole phased array element for 5G mm-wave communication systems

In this paper present the design of the bow-tie printed dipole array element. It was necessary to investigate the behavior of its frequency characteristics for scanning and evaluate the prospects of using for the 5G mm-wave communication systems. It is made on a dielectric substrate (ε=3) with a 1.0 mm thickness with one-sided metallization and has an air layer between the substrate and reflector. Overall dimensions of the element are 5.5 mm × 5.5 mm × 1.5 mm. In the broadside, the values of the VSWR ≤ 1.33 in the operating frequency range from 24.25 to 27.50 GHz. For scanning in the E- and H-planes in the ±45° angle sector, it increases to 2.80 and 1.77, respectively. The replacement of the air layer on a substrate with a relative permittivity of ε = 1.6 led to the following. In the broadside, the maximum value of the VSWR decreased from 1.33 to 1.31. For scanning in the E-plane in the ±45° angle sector, it increased from 2.80 to 2.32. For scanning in the H-plane, it increased from 1.77 to 1.87. I.e., in the operating frequency range, the values of the VSWR ≤ 2.32. The values of the realized gain are in the range from 3.92 to 5.09 dB (efficiency is more than 97%) in the broadside, and for scanning in the E- and H-planes, respectively, from 1.70 to 3.37 dB (efficiency is more than 82%) and from 2.04 to 3.20 dB (efficiency is more than 89%).