Real-World Comparison of Maribavir to Foscarnet for the Treatment of Cytomegalovirus in Solid Organ and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in solid organ transplant (SOT) and hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients may increase the risk of rejection or allograft dysfunction, other infection(s), and morbidity and mortality. Treatment can be challenging due to medication-associated toxicities. Maribavir (MBV) is a promising option for the treatment of resistant or refractory (R/R) CMV infection in lieu of foscarnet (FOS), which has long been the recommended therapy for (val)ganciclovir-resistant infection. This was a single-center retrospective study of clinical outcomes of patients who received MBV compared to a control group who received FOS for an episode of CMV infection. Each cohort consisted of 27 episodes of CMV infection. Twenty patients in the MBV cohort and from the FOS cohort cleared the infection, with five and three patients developing MBV or FOS resistance, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in failure of therapy as evidenced by persistent DNAemia (<i>p</i> = 0.56) or development of antiviral resistance (<i>p</i> = 0.24). In conclusion, MBV was as effective as FOS for the treatment of R/R CMV infection and was better tolerated without increased risk of antiviral resistance.