Promising varieties and hybrid forms of apricot breeding of the Dagestan breeding experimental station of fruit crops

Abstract. The article presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of breeding varieties and hybrid forms of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) for 2021-2023 based on the following traits: yield capacity, resistance to major diseases (clasteresporium and moniliosis), and fruit quality. The following varieties were distinguished by yield capacity: Tamasha (8.0 t/ha), Uzden (8.9 t/ha), Kokan kyurek (7.3 t/ha) (early ripening); Hukumat kyurek (10.2 t/ha) and hybrid 3/34 (9.2 t/ha) (mid-season ripening) and Esdelik (10.4 t/ha), Untsukulskiy late (10.6 t/ha), Dzhengutaevskiy (9.7 t/ha) (late ripening). Among the studied breeding varieties and hybrid forms, Tamasha (0.5 points) and Uzden (0.1 points) are noted for their comparatively high resistance to clasterosporium. For the other varieties and hybrid forms, this indicator is in the range from 1.0 points to 1.7 points. In terms of resistance to blossom blight, Tamasha and Uzden (0.5 points) stand out among the early varieties; among the mid-season ripening varieties, the seedling Khonobakha (0.5 points) and among the late varieties, Dzhengutaevskiy and Untsukulskiy pozdniy (0.5 points). Damage by fruit rot in most varieties and hybrid forms fluctuates between 0.1 and 0.5 points. Only three varieties have this indicator in the range from 0.8 to 1.0 points. The content of total sugar in fruits of breeding varieties and hybrid forms of apricot varied from 5.8 to 9.8%. The varieties with large fruit size (fruit weight over 35 g) Bukhara, Esdelik, Uzden, Salikh, Musa, Dzhengudaevskiy and hybrids 3/34 and 6/22 have been selected. The selected breeding varieties and hybrid forms of apricot will be recommended for inclusion in targeted crossings in order to increase the efficiency of the breeding process. Keywords: breeding variety, hybrid form, adaptability, clusteresporium, moniliosis, fruit rot, yield capacity