Advanced Melanoma: Updated Results from Ongoing Trials

The incidence of melanoma in Switzerland has increased over the last few decades, making it the country with the highest incidence rate in Europe. Overall survival (OS) has improved dramatically due to recent advancements in therapy. However, there is an unmet need to treat patients with advanced unresectable disease. Following the success of BRAF/MEK inhibitors (BRAF/MEKis) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), clinical research is ongoing to improve survival rates, particularly in selected patient subgroups, such as patients with treatment-refractory disease or leptomeningeal involvement. In BRAF-mutated cases with more than one first-line option, treatment sequencing has become increasingly important. There is also a growing interest in adoptive cell therapy due to promising results in patients with advanced disease. In this article, we provide updates on current clinical research on novel treatment options for patients with advanced melanoma. PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE **Peer reviewers:** PD Dr Cristina Mangas, Istituto Oncologico Svizzera Italiana, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland Dr Ioannis Metaxas, Cantonal Hospital Frauenfeld, Frauenfeld, Switzerland Received on April 11, 2024; accepted after peer review on October 25, 2024; published online on October 30, 2024.