A miniaturized wideband high-gain end-fire antenna for 5G-R communication applications

This paper presents a miniaturized wideband high-gain microstrip end-fire antenna specifically designed for 5G-R communication applications. The antenna structure comprises a microstrip folded dipole resonator and end-fire directing units. By employing Intercalated Coupling Structures (ICS) between the folded dipole resonator and the ground plane, the resonant frequency of the antenna is shifted to lower frequencies, thereby significantly enhancing the operational bandwidth. Furthermore, the inclusion of three end-fire directing units positioned in front of the folded dipole oscillator substantially improves the antenna's end-fire gain. The designed antenna exhibits a relative impedance bandwidth of 46 % (ranging from 1.36 to 2.18 GHz), with a peak gain of 7.33 dBi at the 2100 MHz 5G-R frequency band. The overall dimensions of the antenna are 0.31 λ L × 0.39 λ L × 0.008 λ L , where λ L denotes the wavelength at the lowest frequency. The proposed antenna demonstrates a broad operational bandwidth, rendering it suitable for 5G-R mobile communications. • Significantly extended the impedance bandwidth of folded dipole antenna. • Achieving a relative impedance bandwidth of 46 %. • Peak gain of up to 7.33 dBi within the 2100 MHz 5G-R band.