Cervus nippon antler inhibits hormone disorder induced mammary gland hyperplasia by regulating the cell cycle

Mammary glands Hyperplasia (MGH) is a benign condition common in middle-aged women. This study addresses the therapeutic effects of various deer antler medicinal materials on MGH, a topic of increasing interest. The research compares the anti-MGH effects of these materials and investigates their mechanisms. Results indicate that deer antler materials inhibited abnormal proliferation in MCF-10 A cells and improved conditions in MGH rats particularly, Cervus nippon antler (CNA) showed the most significant effects. CNA treatment reduced nipple diameter, improved organ index, and alleviated pathological hyperplasia. It also decreased lobules and alveoli in mammary glands, reduced ductal dilation, and regulated sex hormone levels and receptor expression in MGH rats' serum. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that CNA lowers expression of RANKL, NF-κB, and Cyclin D1 in mammary tissue, inhibiting progress through the G1/S phase of mammary cells and inhibiting proliferation. These findings suggest that CNA could be an effective treatment for MGH, warranting further exploration of its mechanisms and applications in breast disease. • Therapeutic effects of 9 various deer antler medicinal materials on HMG were compared in vivo and in vitro experiments. • Cervus nippon Antler (CNA) has the best anti HMG effect. • CNA can inhibit G1/S process of mammary gland cells and weaken their proliferation through the RANKL/NF-κB/Cyclin D1 pathway. • CNA can serve as a hormone regulator and cycle blocker with strong potential for development.