Static and rotating structures of spin-orbit-coupled Bose–Einstein condensates in superposed Bessel lattices*

Abstract We propose a superposed Bessel optical lattice formed by multiple Bessel optical lattices. The static and rotational structures are formed in the presence of a spin-orbit coupling (SOC) interaction in the atomic in Bose–Einstein condensates are investigated, it is shown that the two structures can be manipulated by adjusting the parameters of the superposed Bessel optical lattices. The results show that the SOC interaction has an important effect on the two structures in the superposed Bessel optical lattices, and the SOC interaction can enhance the robustness of the structures. The Gaussian, toroidal and vortex superposition structures in the superposition lattice are presented, the interference processes in the steady state structures are analyzed, and the effects of SOC interactions on the Gaussian vortex and toroidal vortex structures are investigated, and the angular momentum of the vortex states can be increased by SOC interactions.