A Journey Into Electrical Standardization of Shore Power Connections for Bulk Carriers: Development of a bulk carrier and general cargo ship standard for shore power connections in port.

This paper presents an insightful analysis of shore power standardization for bulk carriers and general cargo ships, focusing on power demand, berth utilization, and cable management systems. It details the large variety of electrical characteristics and configurations of shore power systems revealing that bulk carriers necessitating a high-voltage connection are responsible for up to 68% of the greenhouse gas emissions. This finding underscores the critical need for developing a high-voltage standard specific to bulk carriers. Additionally, a comprehensive examination of berth usage suggests that strategically equipping the most frequented terminals with a cable management system could enhance global system deployment. Finally, the paper discusses the implications of operational safety and compatibility of shore power standards across the global fleet of bulk carriers and general cargo ships.