DEVELOPMENT AND CLASSIFICATION OF DYNAMIC ARCHITECTURE

This article presents a historical overview of the development of kinetic architecture starting from the 20th century. - the first attempts to implement the futuristic ideas of Thomas Hein, Angelo Invernitz, Buckminster Fuller Jon Friedman, Cedric Price. Two main reasons for the appearance of kinetic architecture are argued. This is the creation of a new architectural environment as a response to changes in the paradigm of world perception - a dynamic and adaptive to new needs environment using the latest computerized and mechanized systems and devices. The main theses and stages of the formation of kinetic architecture of the 1950s and 1960s are derived. In the article, examples of implemented objects are considered through the prism of the author's variant of dynamic architecture classification. The study proposes a new classification structure, the criteria of which are - methods of creating dynamics (true movement of parts of objects and visual illusion of movement); the size of moving elements (large and small elements), the function of dynamic elements (ensuring the optimal indoor microclimate, protection against adverse weather conditions, interactivity, ensuring energy efficiency, transformation of spaces) by the type of element transformation. The proposed classification system is an attempt to systematize the approach to understanding, development of dynamic architecture and its areas of application. The authors highlight the advantages and disadvantages of kinetic architecture. The advantages include: adaptability and flexibility of internal spaces, improvement of energy efficiency of buildings, improvement of interaction with a specific user, aesthetic appeal. Disadvantages include increased complexity of both design and construction, resulting in higher initial costs, additional maintenance costs and potential failures, limited adaptability to traditional architectural environments. Kinetic architecture (alternative term - dynamic) is a new direction that changes the approach to design and requires the involvement of specialists from various fields, and depends on new digital technologies, materials, the ability to integrate renewable sources into architecture. This is a very progressive direction, which sets before itself not only architectural and visual tasks, but also a complex of global problems of humanity to be solved.