Sonographic Analysis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Its Correlation with Obesity

Background: NAFLD is strongly associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome, arguably the most common liver disorders worldwide. To provide early diagnosis and prevention, we need to understand its predictors. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the clinical, biochemical and sonographic predictors for NAFLD in a cohort of patients with multivariate analysis. Methods: In our study, 537 patients: 340 with NAFLD as diagnosed by sonography. Clinical parameters (BMI and waist circumference) and biochemical markers (ALT, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol) were compared with demographic characteristics (age, gender and marital status). Sonographic findings involved evaluation of liver echogenicity, hepatomegaly, and steatosis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of NAFLD predictors. Results: All three measures (BMI, OR = 3.21, 95% CI: 1.8–5.3; waist circumference, OR = 4.02, 95% CI: 2.5–6.0; and waist/hip ratio, OR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.3–3.3) were significantly associated with NAFLD. Elevated ALT (OR = 2.55, 95% CI: 1. The associations between NAFLD and 9–3.8), triglycerides (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.2–1.9), and HDL cholesterol (OR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.18–0.63) were lower. Sonographically, increased liver echogenicity (OR = 3.50, 95% CI: 2. Prevalence of NAFLD patients was 8–4.8 and (OR = 4.85, 95% CI: 3.2–7.1) for steatosis. Conclusion: Strong association exists between NAFLD and obesity, metabolic dysfunction, and characteristic sonographic features. Preventing disease progression requires early detection, via ultrasound, with weight loss and metabolic control interventions.